![]() HFC Allowance Calculator (xlsx) (103.41 KB).A third category of allowances called “application-specific allowances” can be used to either produce or import HFCs for use in the six applications listed in the AIM Act.ĮPA has developed a calculator to help allowance holders understand how allowances translate to quantities of various HFCs they intend to produce or import. Importing HFCs will require expending only consumption allowances. Producing HFCs will require expending both production allowances and consumption allowances. ![]() EPA will issue allowances that will be valid between January 1 and December 31 of a given year, known as a “calendar-year allowance.” A calendar-year allowance represents the privilege granted to an entity to produce or import regulated substances in that year.Įntities will need to expend allowances in order to produce or import bulk HFCs. How do Allowances Work?ĮPA uses an allowance as the unit of measure that controls production and consumption. Specifically, the AIM Act directs EPA to phase down production and consumption of HFCs to 15% of their baseline levels in a stepwise manner by 2036 through an allowance allocation and trading program. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to address HFCs. Also ranking up there is "Phantasm," which merges a hard-bopping Hammond B-3 with transcendent strings evoking Derrick May's techno landmark "Strings of Life." During the years when many British trip-hop producers were just beginning to explore cut-and-paste hip-hop, Turner had nearly perfected it.Congress enacted the American Innovation and Manufacturing (AIM) Act on December 27, 2020. Most importantly of all, these productions show Turner's mastery at making distinctive productions, like the mad-scientist-sampling horrorcore of "Demonique" or the sunny guitar pop of "Original Stuntmaster," which features extended samples from an Evil Knievel Q&A session (with kids!). No matter who he's rescuing from the record racks (whether it's Biz Markie or Eddie Palmieri's Harlem River Drive), he shows a firm grasp of how to produce an excellent, unified track out of four or five disparate parts, each of them working together. From the sound of it, he's inspired mostly by Grandmaster Flash circa 1979 (the outré hard-rock and disco flourishes) and DJ Premier circa 1992 (the plowing beats and wailing reeds). Like some of the producers mentioned earlier, Turner does have a whiff of the chemist to him, precisely measuring out his samples - golden-age rapper, soul shouter, funky guitar line, jazzy keys - and so coming up with another jamming track. Means of Production recycles ten tracks of his 1995-98 best for Grand Central, illustrating that Turner had more of the crate-digger's art than higher-profile figures like the DJs Cam or Vadim or Krush, if not Shadow. During an era when bedsit trip-hop often resulted in simplistic, superficial joints like the limp-wristed "I Can Water My Plants," Aim tracks focused American rap - from jazzy to hardcore to old-school - into a laser beam of breakbeat music that was hard-hitting and infectious but still intelligent. For several years before he debuted with the acclaimed full-length Cold Water Music, Aim's Andy Turner was producing hip-hop instrumentals of a surprisingly high quality - especially so for the times.
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